Is it possible to design “just the right clinical team” to achieve desired quality and cost outcomes? Healthcare organizations – from hospitals to community health centers – are experimenting with team composition and workflows to do just this. Recognizing the importance of these experiments to the future of interprofessional clinical practice, the National Center convened the first Conversation Café on Team Optimization in 2017 to understand and anticipate issues associated with designing clinical teams for maximum effectiveness and efficiency. Issues that emerged from this discussion reflect important challenges in advancing interprofessional practice and practice transformation: scope of practice, psychological safety, measurement and attribution, payment, career ladders, and continuing education. The second Conversation Café on Team Optimization will focus on questions designed to move the needle on this topic toward meaningful action: What is team optimization? What are essential characteristics of optimized teams? What principles would help guide optimization efforts? Of all of the pressing and complicated issues surrounding designing teams for optimal quality and cost impact, which provide the greatest leverage for action? What are meaningful next steps and who needs to be involved?